2026 年 3 月 12 日发布
Tohoku University 下属 International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS) 借助下一代同步辐射设施“NanoTerasu”开发前沿成像技术。“Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab”中心安装的 X 射线成像系统采用我们的 ORCA-Quest 2 qCMOS® 相机作为探测器。
Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab 的成员 Wataru Yashiro 博士已将 ORCA-Quest 2 qCMOS 相机集成到 NanoTerasu 光束线中,以开展各类实验。我们采访了 Yashiro 博士,以深入了解其研究、利用 ORCA-Quest 2 所取得的成就以及未来研究展望。
- 您能介绍一下您的研究吗?
在 Tohoku University 下属的 SRIS 的 Spatio-Temporal Imaging Smart Lab,我们以“开拓 4D 环球前沿”为主题,运用前沿同步辐射技术开展研究。近期,我们的研究重点是在开发具有毫秒级时间分辨率的 4D X 射线 CT、X 射线弹性成像,以及将 X 射线成像与结构分析相结合的综合技术。所有这些领域都面临一个共同的挑战,即如何获取高细节图像。
获取高分辨率图像确实是一项“永无止境的追求”。要实现先进成像,开发支撑成像本身的基础技术至关重要。因此,我们的工作不仅局限于成像技术,还致力于光学组件和成像基础系统等基础技术的研究与开发。
- 推进同步辐射成像研究面临哪些挑战?
在高速 X 射线成像中,挑战在于实现更快的采集速度;而在速度并非关键的情况下,重点则转向提高分辨率。每条发展路径都面临各自的挑战。聚焦于高分辨率 X 射线成像(我们使用滨松光子学株式会社的相机开展此项研究),一个关键问题在于,提高空间分辨率必然会缩小视野范围。虽然更高的空间分辨率能够识别精细结构,但也要求缩小被观察物体的尺寸。反之亦然:如果我们能够以高分辨率对更大的物体进行成像,观察范围自然会扩大,从而为各种学术和工业用途奠定基础。然而,这些性能因素之间存在固有的权衡关系,从成像角度来看,这是一个长期存在的挑战。
当然,图像质量不仅受相机影响,还受 X 射线源和光学系统的影响。因此,在应对这些挑战时,必须采取综合方法。
- 您能谈谈引入 ORCA-Quest 2 的决定性因素吗?
当需要进行高分辨率 X 射线成像时,我们实验室的大多数相机都是针对相对高速成像进行优化的。因此,我们开始寻找一款能够进行长时间成像且具备高分辨率和高灵敏度的相机。由于我们与贵司在光学系统方面已有合作关系,便向贵司咨询,贵司提出的解决方案是 ORCA-Quest 2。
- 使用 ORCA-Quest 2 带来了哪些好处?
这款相机的像素数、宽视野和 4K 高分辨率尤其令人满意。当像素尺寸减小时,捕获的光子数量也会减少,导致图像变暗。ORCA-Quest 2 凭借出色的分辨率和信噪比性能弥补了这一不足。事实上,刚开始使用时,它的灵敏度非常高,我们需要对其进行调整,以与 X 射线源达到平衡。
要实现高分辨率 X 射线成像,不能仅仅使用高分辨率相机。这还取决于光源发出的光的波前相位对准程度,即光的一致性。这需要高辉度光源提供高空间一致性,并允许高效利用这种一致性。为了利用空间一致性,相机必须能够以高分辨率准确记录干涉图样。反之,即使相机具有高空间分辨率,若 X 射线源的空间一致性较低,基于干涉的成像也会变得困难。只有将高亮度光源与高分辨率相机相结合,我们才能实现利用干涉进行精准的结构分析。
ORCA-Quest 2 具备充分利用高度一致 X 射线所需的高空间分辨率,且如前所述,其性能不仅体现在空间分辨率上。我们真切地感受到,它就是我们为实现高分辨率 X 射线成像目标所寻找的理想相机,完全符合我们的性能要求。虽然图像处理技术可以提高图像质量,但 ORCA-Quest 2 能够捕捉到传统相机通常会丢失的自然现象,从某种意义上说,它是一款“纯粹的相机”,给我们留下了非常深刻的印象。
目前,ORCA-Quest 2 正用于正在进行的实验中,因此我们无法分享其拍摄的图像。相反,我们展示的是使用 ORCA 系列中的另一款相机 ORCA-Flash4.0 V3 拍摄的图像。这些图像揭示了水果中输送养分的复杂血管网络。通过对几种不同樱桃品种进行成像,我们发现这些血管的排列方式因品种而异。
这一知识有望为培育高效输送养分的品种做出贡献,同时也有助于为优质品种注册 DNA 和结构信息以申请专利。
数据来源:Wataru Yashiro。所属机构:Tohoku University 下属 International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS)
与其说是改进,这更像是一个请求,如果可能的话,我们希望在保持当前高分辨率和高灵敏度的同时,扩大视野范围。如前所述,更宽的视野范围能够让我们对更大的物体进行成像,进而扩大研究目标的范围。扩大可成像范围意味着向揭开自然奥秘又迈进了一步。我们怀着强烈的使命感开展研究,希望以此为社会做出贡献,因此,若贵司能在研究仪器和技术方面取得进展,我们将不胜感激。
- 能否谈谈您未来的研究展望?
我们的终极目标是实现“全球极高灵敏度成像,捕捉世上至美图像”。实现高分辨率 X 射线成像有几种方法,目前全球主流的两种方法是衍射光栅干涉法和传播法。这两种方法都有潜力实现极高灵敏度成像,但我们认为仍有改进空间。为了完全实现这一目标,我们的至臻目标是获取 X 射线全息图,即直接捕获、记录和可视化相位信息。我们计划继续开发相关技术,以便实现这一目标。
随着这些技术的发展,能够获取更多信息,此前未见过的细节将变得清晰可见,从而为数据科学的发展铺平道路。例如,确定决定混凝土或金属强度的因素,可能有助于开发更坚固的材料。同样,在结构层面区分植物品种,可能有助于品种改良和物种保护。我们希望通过科学保护和培育全球资源,为各行业的发展做出贡献。
我们希望贵司继续提供性能无与伦比的相机,以支持我们不断面临的挑战。
Wataru Yashiro
International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart (SRIS), Tohoku University
2000 Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Ph.D. in Engineering
2000 The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2001 The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2004 The National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Research Fellowships for Young Scientists
2004 Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Assistant Professor
2012 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Associate Professor
2020 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Visiting Associate Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2021 Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2021 Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2022 Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Designated Visiting Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
2025 Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Professor (Concurrent Appointment)
*本页显示的内容基于 2025 年 9 月进行的采访。
ORCA-Quest 2 是一款新的 qCMOS® 相机,也是 ORCA-Quest 的后续产品,具有多项深化进步,例如在极低噪声扫描模式下读出速度更快,紫外区域灵敏度更高。
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