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使用 ORCA®-Quest 相机进行细胞单分子荧光观测
2025年8月19日发布
Tokai National Higher Education and Research System 下属 Gifu University 的 Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) 之中的 Cell Biophysics Laboratory，正在致力于解析细胞内及细胞膜表面分子的作用机理。2022 年，该实验室引进 ORCA-Quest 相机用于单分子荧光观测。
我们采访了该实验室的 Kenichi Suzuki 教授和 Koichiro Hirosawa 研究员，以及曾任实验室成员（至 2023 年 5 月）、现任 National Cancer Center Research Institute 下属 Division of Advanced Bioimaging 主任的 Rinshi Kasai，了解他们引进 ORCA-Quest 的动机、使用体验及未来研究方向展望。
当前研究
Tokai National Higher Education and Research System 下属 Gifu University 的 Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) 之中的 Cell Biophysics Laboratory 致力于通过观察蛋白质、脂质及其他细胞组分的单个分子，获取事件时间与频率的统计数据，解析分子的作用机理。
通过显微技术观测分子行为对于解析其作用机理至关重要。我们使用超灵敏相机采集分子图像，根据实验要求在高速和高分辨率设置之间进行调整，以深入了解分子动力学信息及其相互作用。此外，我们还正在开发性能优异的光学系统和成像技术，用于改善此类观测。
Rinshi Kasai 博士（左）、Kenichi Suzuki 教授（中）、Koichiro Hirosawa 博士（右）
单分子荧光观测中遇到的问题
单分子荧光观测的最大问题是分子发出的信号非常弱。此外，还有几种因素也增加了这一过程的复杂性，例如需要通过高速成像捕捉分子行为，但这样会削弱每帧的入射信号。在传统的落射照明观测中，背景噪声还会掩盖微弱信号，进一步增加信号检测的复杂性。为了减少背景干扰，经常使用全内反射荧光 (TIRF) 显微镜进行单分子荧光研究。然而，降低相机的读出噪声也很重要，因为相机最终会将该读出噪声信号作为数据加以输出。
解决这一问题的常用方法是使用 EM-CCD 相机，通过增加放大率检测弱信号，或通过结合使用 II（图像增强器）与 sCMOS（科学 CMOS）相机进行成像。然而，EM-CCD 相机和 II 相机均有在信号倍增过程中产生信号波动，导致信号的定量性和分辨率较低的缺点。我们实验室最近一直在进行单分子超分辨率成像。由于信号波动引起的分辨率降低会导致超分辨率图像质量下降，我们需要一台无需依赖 II 或其他方法即可检测信号的相机。
引入 ORCA-Quest 相机的决定性因素
我们决定部署 ORCA-Quest 相机的原因在于，噪音的降低带来了图像质量的显著改善，这一点在查看演示图像时能够立即发现。
虽然我们已经从规格表中得知噪声水平降低了，但在观察实际输出图像并直接感知性能的显著改善时，更能感受到相机技术的重大进步。
我们的实验室在引入 ORCA-Quest 之前，还使用过 ORCA-Flash4.0、ORCA-Fusion 和其他相机。这些相机虽然具有高灵敏度，但在我们需要的帧速率下，单个分子的信号太弱，无法仅靠相机生成令人满意的图像。因此，我们不得不将此类 sCMOS 相机与 II 方法结合使用，才能采集合适的图像。然而，如果使用 ORCA-Quest，我们仅凭该相机即可获得令人满意的单分子荧光图像。这一优势促使我们采用 ORCA-Quest，我们预计它将提高单分子跟踪和超分辨率成像的质量。
目前，我们既会单独使用 ORCA-Quest，也会使用 II + 之前的 sCMOS 相机的设置，具体将根据实验要求加以选择。对于需要非常高速度的成像，II + sCMOS 相机组合可能提供更高的灵敏度，但在大多数情况下，使用 ORCA-Quest 即可获得令人满意的图像。
成像示例
在中国仓鼠卵巢来源的 CHO 细胞中表达以荧光蛋白 mStayGold 标记的趋化因子受体 CXCR4，并利用 ORCA-Quest 相机进行单分子荧光观测。
扫描模式：标准扫描
帧速率：40 帧/秒（1024 × 1024）
扫描方式：超静音扫描
帧速率：40 帧/秒（512 × 512）
数据来源：Rinshi Kasai 博士。所属机构：National Cancer Center Research Institute 下属 Division of Advanced Bioimaging
未来研究展望
对于未来的研究展望，我们希望主要采用以下两种成像技术开展我们的研究。
1. 多波长成像
2. 三维超分辨率观测
对于多波长成像，我们目前使用两个波长来观测单分子荧光。然而，我们希望将这种能力扩展到三个甚至四个波长。例如，如果可以同时进行三波长成像，我们就能够在前两个波长观测分子行为，并在第三个波长采集超分辨率图像。这一进步将使我们能够在比现有系统更复杂的系统中分析分子相互作用和行为。
在三维超分辨率观测方面，我们主要关注监测细胞膜表面的分子行为。然而，通过同时对膜内部进行三维超分辨率成像，我们可以观测到分子与内质网及其内部的高尔基体的相互作用。这种方法有可能解析内质网和高尔基体如何参与膜表面发生的现象，并阐明膜表面发生的事件的信息是如何传递到膜内部的。
可以利用多种方法采集三维超分辨率图像，但我们实验室采用的是使用圆柱形透镜的方法。为了利用该方法采集三维超分辨率图像，需要根据分子在二维图像中的形状反向计算分子的 Z 轴位置信息。虽然使用 II 方法可以提高灵敏度，但会降低分辨率，导致分子形状模糊，从而降低超分辨率成像的图像质量。ORCA-Quest 通过消除对于 II 方法的需求解决了这个问题，从而保持了图像的清晰度和分辨率。
我们相信 ORCA-Quest 相机将显著推动我们的研究进展。
National Cancer Center Research Institute 下属 Division of Advanced Bioimaging
2023 年 6 月，National Cancer Center Research Institute 设立了 Division of Advanced Bioimaging，由 Kenichi Suzuki 教授担任总干事，Rinshi Kasai 博士担任实验室主任。
该实验室将采用与 Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE) 的 Cell Biophysics Laboratory 相同的显微镜系统，主要通过单分子荧光观测来解析癌细胞中的信号调节和信号转导机制。
Researcher profiles
Prof. Kenichi G. N. Suzuki
Cell Biophysics Laboratory of the Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Gifu University: Professor.
Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute: Chief.
Jan. 1997
Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Ph. D.
Nov. 1996
Research Associate in Michael P. Sheetz Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology
Feb. 1999
Researcher in ERATO Kusumi Membrane Organizer Project
Apr. 2005
Research Assistant Professor, Kyoto University, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences
Oct. 2008
PRESTO Researcher, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
Apr. 2011
Associate Professor, Kyoto University, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS); Visiting Associate Professor, The National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS) / Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem)
Apr. 2017
Professor, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University
Jan. 2021
Professor, Cell Biophysics Laboratory of the Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Gifu University
Apr. 2023
Chief, Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute (Concurrent)
Dr. Rinshi Kasai
Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute: Laboratory Head.
Hoshi University: Visiting Senior Lecturer.
Mar. 2005
Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Nagoya University, Ph. D.
Apr. 2005
Researcher, International Cooperative Research Project (ICORP), Japan Science and Technology Agency
Apr. 2010
Researcher, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University
Apr. 2011
Assistant Professor, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
Oct. 2016
Assistant Professor, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University
Apr. 2021
Program-Specific Associate Professor, Cell Biophysics Laboratory of the Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Gifu University
Jun. 2023
Laboratory Head, Division of Advanced Bioimaging, National Cancer Center Research Institute
Apr. 2024
Visiting Senior Lecturer, Hoshi University
Dr. Koichiro Hirosawa
Cell Biophysics Laboratory of the Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Gifu University: Researcher
Mar. 2010
Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Ph.D.
Apr. 2010
Researcher, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University
Apr. 2017
Researcher, Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University
Jan. 2021
Researcher, Cell Biophysics Laboratory of the Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Tokai National Higher Education and Research System, Gifu University
*本页显示的内容基于 2023 年 9 月进行的采访。
相关产品
ORCA-Quest 2 是一款新的 qCMOS® 相机，也是 ORCA-Quest 的后续产品，具有多项深化进步，例如在极低噪声扫描模式下读出速度更快，紫外区域灵敏度更高。
其他案例研究
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